abstract：OBJECTIVE:Mountaineers face a variety of health risks at altitude including pulmonary edema; portable ultrasound may be used to diagnose high altitude pulmonary edema. This report tests the functionality of electronic equipment in a hypobaric test environment and the ability of remotely guided nonexperts to use ultraso...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： Otto C,Hamilton DR,Levine BD,Hare C,Sargsyan AE,Altshuler P,Dulchavsky SA

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Little is known about health care provider interest, knowledge, and beliefs regarding the health effects of human-induced environmental degradation (HIED). A survey was created and distributed to better characterize health provider beliefs about the adverse health effects of HIED. METHODS:An invitation to pa...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： Truckner RT

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fatalities secondary to inhalation of volcanic gases in the United States have rarely been reported. We report the deaths of 3 ski patrol members at a popular California ski resort. After a snowstorm, ski patrol members were fencing off a well-known volcanic fumarole when the snow around the vent collapsed. Two member...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： Cantrell L,Young M

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To analyze the nature of surfing injuries in Cornwall in order to identify trends and inform clinical management. METHODS:The details of patients presenting (with injuries sustained while surfboard/bodyboard riding) to the Emergency Department (ED) of the Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro (UK), from September 2...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： Hay CS,Barton S,Sulkin T

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies in normal participants have shown that right to left shunt blood vessels in the lung open up during exercise. We describe the first field study to investigate this phenomenon at altitude. This study aimed to assess the effect of altitude and partial acclimatization on inducible right to left shunting at...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： Imray CH,Pattinson KT,Myers S,Chan CW,Hoar H,Brearey S,Collins P,Wright AD,Birmingham Medical Research Expeditionary Society.

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A hydatid cyst is a parasitic disease caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. It is endemic in many areas, including New Zealand, Australia, and the Mediterranean region. Pulmonary hydatid disease can be diagnosed incidentally in asymptomatic patients or may cause symptoms such as cough, chest pain, dyspnea, f...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： Topuzlar M,Eken C,Ozkurt B,Khan F

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Our objective was to determine the incidence of acute mountain sickness (AMS) and the cardiorespiratory responses, in children and their parents, after rapid ascent to 3500 m. The sample population was composed of children and their parents who ascended within 24 hours from Arica (sea level) to Putre (3500 m)...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： Moraga FA,Pedreros CP,Rodríguez CE

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:The study aimed to examine the physiological responses to acute normobaric hypoxia during an intermittent walking protocol. METHODS:Twelve active healthy male participants completed a 125-minute test that involved rest and walking (50% VO(2max)) during normoxic (20.93%O(2)) and 2 hypoxic conditions (14%O(2) ...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： Richardson A,Twomey R,Watt P,Maxwell N

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Families are traveling with their children in increasing frequency. Travel to Asia offers children many opportunities to learn about new cultures and history. It also offers the potential for exposure to numerous infectious agents not commonly encountered in the United States. Families must begin to prepare for travel...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： Waasdorp CE,Kim JY

更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE:We examined the changes in ventilation during sleep at high altitude using the LifeShirt monitoring system on 2 climbers who were attempting to summit Mount Aconcagua (6956 m). METHODS:Prior to the summit attempt, we measured cardiovascular and pulmonary function at 401 m (Rochester, MN) and gathe...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： Snyder EM,Stepanek J,Bishop SL,Johnson BD

更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Closed-circuit oxygen rebreathers may provide high concentrations of oxygen at extremely low flow rates appropriate for field use with limited oxygen supplies. The performance of the preproduction, second-generation remote emergency medical oxygen (REMO(2)) system developed for Divers Alert Network was evalua...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： Pollock NW,Natoli MJ

更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Cuzco, Peru, is host to a dangerous mix of high altitude and rapid access from low elevation, which results in a high prevalence of acute mountain sickness (AMS). Thus, it is important that travelers entering Cuzco understand the basics of AMS. To this end, we assessed travelers' awareness of AMS, especially ...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： Merritt AL,Camerlengo A,Meyer C,Mull JD

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Antarctic expeditioners face extremes of environmental conditions along with isolation which affect normal human activity at a polar station. Diets of polar expeditioners consist of products that have been kept in storage for more than a year. Processing and preservation adversely affect the nutritive value o...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： Vats P,Singh SN,Singh VK,Shyam R,Upadhyay TN,Singh SB,Banerjee PK

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Avalanches pose a life-threatening risk to participants of outdoor winter activities. Determining the causes of death in avalanche fatalities can aid rescue and resuscitation strategies and hopefully improve survival. METHODS:The study population included all avalanche fatalities in Utah from the 1989-90 to ...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： McIntosh SE,Grissom CK,Olivares CR,Kim HS,Tremper B

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To describe injuries and illnesses treated during an expedition-length adventure race and combine the results with those from previous studies to identify common patterns of injury and illness during these events. METHODS:The 2003 Subaru Primal Quest Expedition Length Adventure Race was held in Lake Tahoe, C...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： McLaughlin KA,Townes DA,Wedmore IS,Billingsley RT,Listrom CD,Iverson LD

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report the case of a previously healthy 32-year-old man presenting with severe headache on 2 separate expeditions to Cho Oyu (8201 m). No brain imaging was performed after the first expedition. On the second expedition, thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus was detected. Investigations for hypercoagulable state...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： Skaiaa SC,Stave H

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:The presence of coliform bacteria indicates a watershed risk for harboring microbes capable of causing human disease. We hypothesized that water from watersheds that have different human- or animal-use patterns would have differing risks for the presence of coliform bacteria. METHODS; Water was collected in w...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： Derlet RW,Carlson JR

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite the presence of a number of anecdotal reports in the mountaineering literature, mucociliary dysfunction at high altitude has received little scientific attention. However, the dry, cold, thin air at high altitude has the potential to undermine normal mucociliary function. This seems increasingly likely in moun...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： Rodway GW,Windsor JS

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Crocodilians represent one of the oldest constant animal lineages on the planet, in no small part due to their formidable array of predatory adaptations. As both human and crocodilian populations expand, they increasingly encroach on each others' territories, bringing morbidity and mortality to both populations. In th...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： Caldicott DG,Croser D,Manolis C,Webb G,Britton A

更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe a case report of a subject suffering high-altitude cerebral and pulmonary edema successfully treated with low flow rates of supplemental oxygen administered with a breathing system designed to conserve oxygen supplies at high altitude. ...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： Pattinson KT,Somogyi RB,Fisher JA,Bradwell AR,Society the Birmingham Medical Research Expeditionary.

更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To document changes in body composition and body mass in male and female tree planters. METHODS:Height, mass, skin-fold thickness, and limb girths were measured in 17 male and 5 female tree planters before and after 10 weeks of work. RESULTS:Significant decreases were found in body mass (80.6 +/- 10.7 kg vs...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： Hodges AN,Ellis JD,McKenzie DC

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare altitude responses of 2 ultraendurance athletes and 2 nonathletes during a 2-week expedition on Denali (Mount McKinley). METHODS:The severity of acute mountain sickness (AMS) symptoms (Lake Louise AMS guidelines) and pulmonary function parameters (forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： Seedhouse EL,Blaber AP

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As part of an emergency medical system protocol, national park service rangers certified at the level of an emergency medical technician-basic (EMT-B) are taught to recognize and treat high-altitude pulmonary edema and high-altitude cerebral edema. In Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, this is done with the assi...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： Freeman K,Shalit M,Stroh G

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:The main goal was to explore the different toxin properties (proteolytic, hemorrhagic, and neurotoxic) of Leptodeira annulata ashmeadii Duvernoy's gland secretion (DGS). METHODS:To separate and characterize the different proteins present in L. annulata ashmeadii DGS, 20% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： Lemoine K,Girón ME,Aguilar I,Navarrete LF,Rodríguez-Acosta A

更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the knowledge, beliefs, and behavior of local residents and visitors to North Queensland who may be at risk of contact with "Irukandji" jellyfish. METHODS:Structured interviews were conducted with 208 ferry passengers (92.9% response) traveling between Magnetic Island and Townsville (19 degrees ...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： Harrison SL,Leggat PA,Fenner PJ,Durrheim DN,Swinbourne AL

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Our intent was to observe the effect of simulated altitude exposure on the intracranial pressure (ICP) of New Zealand white rabbits. It is theorized that the hypoxia of high altitude causes a rise in ICP, which may play a role in the pathogenesis of acute mountain sickness (AMS). Dexamethasone is a medication...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： Pendon JD,King JA

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the demographics, incidence, and symptoms and signs of hydrocarbon poisoning in admitted children from the Negev Desert area of Israel. METHODS:The medical records of all children admitted for hydrocarbon poisoning from 1995 to 1999 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS:Of the 274 admitted c...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： Lifshitz M,Sofer S,Gorodischer R

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are many tales describing ferocious schools of piranha attacking humans, but there are few scientific data supporting such behavior. The very few documented instances of humans attacked and eaten by piranha schools include 3 that occurred after death by other causes (eg, heart failure and drowning). These predac...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： Haddad V Jr,Sazima I

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To help the Mountain Rescue Association of Scotland find the best protective mountain rescue casualty bag in cold and windy conditions. The study investigated how 3 different casualty bags (labeled Bag 1, Bag 2, and Bag 3) performed in a cold (-10 degrees C, dry bulb), windy (wind speed 3.0 m x s(-1)) environ...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： Grant SJ,Dowsett D,Hutchison C,Newell J,Connor T,Grant P,Watt M

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Winter sports continue to be a popular form of recreation, but few studies have focused on serious injuries. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the major morbidity associated with downhill skiing, snowboarding, and sledding and to determine the incidence of serious injuries sustained while downhill...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： Federiuk CS,Schlueter JL,Adams AL

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A captive breeding program for venomous Thai snakes was established at the Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute at Bangkok, Thailand. This was necessary to secure a stable, healthy, and species-confirmed source of snake venom for antivenom production. In 1994, wild-caught specimens were collected, sexed, quarantined, and...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： Chanhome L,Jintakune P,Wilde H,Cox MJ

更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:The incidence of fatal closed head injury (CHI) and nonfatal CHI causing an altered level of consciousness in avalanche victims is unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence and potential significance of CHI in avalanche-related deaths. METHODS:The records of the state medical examiner an...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： Johnson SM,Johnson AC,Barton RG

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Thermal sensation and the physiological responses of women (follicular phase) exposed to 17 degrees C immersion for 120 minutes were investigated. METHODS:The subjects were divided into 2 groups by percent body fat (low fat [LF] = 21% +/- 2% [mean +/- SD] vs high fat [HF] = 30% +/- 3%). A 2-way analysis of v...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： Prisby RD,Glickman-Weiss EL,Caine N

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three groups of five men each were dehydrated overnight in the heat (115 degrees F) on two occasions (D1 and D2) to approximately 5.5% of their starting body weight. During the 3-week period between D1 and D2, one group (AC) was acclimatized to heat and physically conditioned, the second group (C) was physically condi...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： Buskirk ER,Iampietro PF,Bass DE

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a well-recognized disease entity in trekkers to the Nepal Himalayas. We present the case of a patient who had clinical features consistent with HAPE but did not descend the mountain on time, which contributed to his death. The important factors of the diagnosis, the descent, and...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： Goodman T,Basnyat B

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of gender and menstrual cycle on the percent of carbohydrate (CHO) utilized during cold water immersion (20 degrees C). Previous research has suggested that males and females utilize CHO differently during submaximal exercise. This study examined whether t...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： Glickman-Weiss E,Caine N,Cheatham CC,Blegen M,Scharschmidt T,Marcinkiewicz J

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Planning and providing emergency and primary care for a large transient population of visitors and employees in a national park can be problematic. Furthermore, planning for emergency and primary health care needs of visitors and itinerant workers in a wilderness area national park has not been well documente...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： Chang EC,Koval E,Freer L,Kraus S

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A 67-year-old woman presented to a community emergency department in Orange County, CA, after she was stung by a scorpion identified as Centruroides limbatus from Central America. She developed local pain and systemic symptoms, including parasthesias, flushing, hypertension, and wheezing. Envenomation by this genus of...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： Bush SP

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Avalanches are one of the major threats to life in high-mountain terrain and account every year for approximately 150 accidents causing injury or death in the United States alone. Every year avalanches cause significant property damages and a death toll of approximately 15 people in the United States. The specific cha...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： Stepanek J,Claypool DW

更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to control water-borne diseases is critical for soldiers, hikers, and others who may need to drink directly from an outdoor source. Water-borne protozoan parasites that are specifically of concern are Giardia and Cryptosporidium because of their resistance to halogen disinfection. The purpose of this study...

journal_title：Wilderness & environmental medicine

authors： Gerba CP,Johnson DC,Hasan MN

更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00